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Electron beam additive manufacturing
Electron beam additive manufacturing is a type of additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, for metal parts. Metal powder or wire is welded together using an electron beam as the heat source.
==Metal powder based systems==
Metal powders can be sintered into a solid mass using an electron beam as the heat source. This is used as a 3D printing technique, similar to selective laser sintering. This is sometimes called "electron beam melting". EBM technology manufactures parts by melting metal powder layer by layer with an electron beam in a high vacuum. In contrast to sintering techniques, both EBM and SLM achieve full melting of the metal powder. 〔ASTM International, ASTM F2792-12a, http://www.astm.org/Standards/F2792.htm〕
This solid freeform fabrication method produces fully dense metal parts directly from metal powder with characteristics of the target material. The EBM machine reads data from a 3D CAD model and lays down successive layers of powdered material. These layers are melted together utilizing a computer controlled electron beam. In this way it builds up the parts. The process takes place under vacuum, which makes it suited to manufacture parts in reactive materials with a high affinity for oxygen, e.g. titanium.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://thre3d.com/how-it-works/powder-bed-fusion/electron-beam-melting-ebm )〕 The process is known to operate at higher temperatures (up to 1000 °C), which can lead to differences in phase formation though solidification and solid state phase transformation.〔Sames et al., "Thermal effects on microstructural heterogeneity of Inconel 718 materials fabricated by electron beam melting", http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.140〕
The powder feedstock is typically pre-alloyed, as opposed to a mixture. That aspect allows classification of EBM with selective laser melting (SLM) where competing technologies like SLS and DMLS require thermal treatment after fabrication. Compared to SLM and DMLS, EBM has a generally superior build rate because of its higher energy density and scanning method.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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